Which sources are typically used in data-based decision making?

• A. Attendance records only.
• B. Disciplinary referrals and attendance data.
• C. Lunchroom usage data.
• D. Screenings, progress monitoring, and evaluations.

Answer: (D)

Data-based decision making in schools relies on integrating multiple data sources to guide instruction, supports, and eligibility decisions. Screenings are quick, universal assessments that flag students who may be at risk and need more in-depth review. Progress monitoring involves regular, brief measures of how well a student is responding to the current instruction or intervention, so you can adjust strategies if progress is lacking. Evaluations provide comprehensive, formal information used to determine specific needs and whether services or accommodations are warranted.

Together, these sources create a complete picture across all students and domains, helping educators decide what to change in instruction, how strongly to implement supports, and whether a student qualifies for additional services. Attendance records and disciplinary referrals, while informative for behavior and engagement, don’t by themselves provide enough actionable data about learning needs or eligibility. Lunchroom usage data isn’t relevant to instructional or support decisions.